目录

一、Linux安装编译依赖

1、Linux安装GCC编译器

2、Linux安装Make工具

3、Linux安装OpenSSL依赖

二、Linux安装python3.6.8

1、Python3.6.8下载

2、Python3.6.8编译安装

3、环境变量配置

4、验证Python环境 

三、pip3 离线安装依赖库和pytorch

1、离线下载依赖库

2、离线安装依赖库和pytorch

3、在线安装pytorch

四、常见依赖问题解决

1、_bz2模块依赖问题

2、_lzma 模块依赖问题

一、Linux安装编译依赖

1、Linux安装GCC编译器

Linux离线编译编译Python需要gcc编译器编译，如果没有安装直接编译会出现以下错误

configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

yum -y install gcc

2、Linux安装Make工具

Linux离线编译编译Python需要Make工具安装，如果没有安装直接编译会出现以下错误

​-bash: make: command not found

yum -y install make

3、Linux安装OpenSSL依赖

pytorch 需要依赖OpenSSL模块，如果没有OpenSSL依赖，直接安装会出现以下错误

Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available 

验证OpenSSL模块

openssl version

yum安装OpenSSL

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

 rpm查看OpenSSL模块

rpm -q openssl
rpm -q openssl-devel

二、Linux安装python3.6.8

1、Python3.6.8下载

Python官方网站：Welcome to Python.org

Python历史版本：Index of /ftp/python/

Python3.6.8下载：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz

2、Python3.6.8编译安装

yum -y install zlib*

tar zxvf Python-3.6.8.tgz -C /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/Python-3.6.8 && make distclean

 python3.6.6以下需要加 --with-ssl 参数，python3.6.8可加可不加，加了无伤大雅不影响编译安装 

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6.8 --with-ssl --enable-optimizations

make && make install

 提示以下信息则表示编译成功

Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2

3、环境变量配置

创建软连接 

ln -s /usr/local/python3.6.8 /usr/local/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

配置环境变量

echo '
# python3 config
export PYTHON3_HOME=/usr/local/python3
export PATH=$PATH:$PYTHON3_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile
tail -n 6 /etc/profile

4、验证Python环境 

测试python安装

python -V
python3 -V

更新 pip 模块 

pip3 install --upgrade pip

查看已安装模块

pip3 list

三、pip3 离线安装依赖库和pytorch

1、离线下载依赖库

2、离线安装依赖库和pytorch

pip3 install numpy-1.19.5-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl
pip3 install Pillow-8.4.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
pip3 install typing_extensions-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
pip3 install dataclasses-0.8-py3-none-any.whl
pip3 install torch-1.10.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
pip3 install torchaudio-0.10.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
pip3 install torchvision-0.11.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl

3、在线安装pytorch

Start Locally | PyTorch

pip3 install torch==1.10.1+cpu torchvision==0.11.2+cpu torchaudio==0.10.1+cpu -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torch_stable.html

四、常见依赖问题解决

1、_bz2模块依赖问题

 pytorch 需要依赖bz2模块，如果没有bz2依赖，在导入torchvision 模块时会出现以下错误

from _bz2 import BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'

yum 安装 bz2 依赖

yum -y install bzip2 bzip2

下载 bz2 依赖：_bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 

wget https://gitee.com/AlEinstein/utils/raw/master/linux/python/_bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

cp _bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/

python3

from _bz2 import BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor

2、_lzma 模块依赖问题

  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/lzma.py", line 27, in <module>
    from _lzma import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_lzma'

Linux 和 Python安装 lzma 依赖 

yum -y install xz-devel python-backports-lzma

pip3 install backports.lzma

修改 lzma.py 模块文件内容（在27、28行） 

cp /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/lzma.py /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/lzma.py.init

vim /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/lzma.py

try:
    from _lzma import *
    from _lzma import _encode_filter_properties, _decode_filter_properties
except ImportError:
    from backports.lzma import *
    from backports.lzma import _encode_filter_properties, _decode_filter_properties

测试验证

python3

import torchvision

Win10 Python3.6.8 安装 PyTorch：Win10 Python3.6.8 安装 PyTorch_星辰大数据的博客-程序员宅基地

Linux安装机器学习框架pytorch：https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/109994870