1 创建测试用的表，以验证恢复前后数据一样
SYS@racdb3>create table test20180414 (id date);
Table created.
SYS@racdb3>alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
Session altered.
SYS@racdb3>insert into test20180414 values(sysdate);
1 row created.
SYS@racdb3>commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@racdb3>select * from test20180414;
ID
-------------------
2018-04-14 16:32:16
SYS@racdb3>
SYS@racdb2>show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
SYS@racdb2>create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile20180414' from spfile;
File created.
SYS@racdb2>2 准备备份脚本
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database format '/home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_%d_%T_%u_%p_%c';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset format '/home/oracle/bakracdb/arc_%e_%h_%d_%T_%u_%p_%c' archivelog all;
backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/bakracdb/control_%d_%T_%u_%p_%c';
backup spfile format '/home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_%d_%T_%u_%p_%c';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}4 连接到任意一个节点上，启动到nomount状态
export ORACLE_SID=racdb3
rman target /
startup nomount注意，这里先恢复成pfile，用pfile启动，数据库全部恢复完毕后，再重新创建spfile（RAC下的spfile和单机有些不一样）
restore spfile to pfile '/home/oracle/bakracdb/pfile20180414' from '/home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_RACDB_20180414_24t0b3jj_1_1';-- 虽然直接恢复spfile到ASM磁盘上，也是可以的。不过需要在两个节点上的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下的init<SID>.ora文件夹内spfile指向ASM上的spfile位置。
RMAN> restore spfile to '+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora' from '/home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_RACDB_20180414_24t0b3jj_1_1';
Starting restore at 14-APR-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_RACDB_20180414_24t0b3jj_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 14-APR-18
RMAN> RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/home/oracle/bakracdb/pfile20180414' from '/home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_RACDB_20180414_24t0b3jj_1_1';
Starting restore at 14-APR-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/bakracdb/spfile_RACDB_20180414_24t0b3jj_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 14-APR-18
RMAN>
@>conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@racdb3>startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/bakracdb/pfile20180414'6 还原控制文件
sql "alter session set nls_date_format=''YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS''"; -- 好像没有起作用
restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/bakracdb/control_RACDB_20180414_23t0b3j8_1_1';
alter database mount;
RMAN> sql "alter session set nls_date_format=''YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS''";
sql statement: alter session set nls_date_format=''YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS''
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/bakracdb/control_RACDB_20180414_23t0b3j8_1_1';
Starting restore at 14-APR-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=37 instance=racdb3 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=+DATA/racdb/control01.ctl
output file name=+DATA/racdb/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 14-APR-18
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';7 进行restore
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 14-APR-18
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=37 instance=racdb3 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/racdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to +DATA/racdb/undotbs02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1pt0b3bs_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1pt0b3bs_1_1 tag=TAG20180414T164025
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/racdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/racdb/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1ot0b3br_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1ot0b3br_1_1 tag=TAG20180414T164025
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/racdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1mt0b3bq_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1mt0b3bq_1_1 tag=TAG20180414T164025
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to +DATA/racdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/abc.448.966705497
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1nt0b3bq_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bakracdb/fulldb_RACDB_20180414_1nt0b3bq_1_1 tag=TAG20180414T164025
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished restore at 14-APR-18
RMAN> recover database 8 进行recover
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 14-APR-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 224 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_224.758.973442535
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 225 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_225.759.973442541
archived log for thread 2 with sequence 263 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_263.757.973442533
archived log for thread 2 with sequence 264 is already on disk as file +DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_264.760.973442543
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_224.758.973442535 thread=1 sequence=224
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_263.757.973442533 thread=2 sequence=263
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_264.760.973442543 thread=2 sequence=264
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_225.759.973442541 thread=1 sequence=225
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_226.762.973442959 thread=1 sequence=226
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_265.761.973442807 thread=2 sequence=265
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_227.763.973442961 thread=1 sequence=227
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_266.765.973442963 thread=2 sequence=266
archived log file name=+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_1_seq_228.764.973442963 thread=1 sequence=228
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=267
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/14/2018 18:56:26
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 2 with sequence 267 and starting SCN of 2637058
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover continue
ORA-00279: change 2637058 generated at 04/14/2018 16:49:23 needed for thread 2
ORA-00289: suggestion : +DATA
ORA-00280: change 2637058 for thread 2 is in sequence #267
ORA-00278: log file '+DATA/racdb/archivelog/2018_04_14/thread_2_seq_266.765.973442963' no longer needed for this recovery
9 使用open resetlogs打开库
SYS@racdb3>alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SYS@racdb3>10 创建spfile,在节点上创建initracdb3.ora 。两个节点上都需要有init<sid>.ora
create spfile='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora' from pfile='/home/oracle/bakracdb/pfile20180414'
[oracle@host03 dbs]$ cat initracdb3.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'
[oracle@host03 dbs]$
[oracle@host02 dbs]$ cat initracdb2.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'
[oracle@host02 dbs]$
11 数据验证
SYS@racdb3>select * from test20180414;
ID
-------------------
2018-04-14 16:32:16
SYS@racdb3>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +DATA
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 2
SYS@racdb3>
SYS@racdb2>select * from test20180414;
ID
-------------------
2018-04-14 16:32:16
SYS@racdb2>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +DATA
Oldest online log sequence 4
Next log sequence to archive 5
Current log sequence 5
SYS@racdb2>
这个时候，使用命令crsctl status resource -t 命令，是查看不到racdb这个数据库的信息的
[grid@host03 ~]$ crsctl status resource -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE host02 Started
ONLINE ONLINE host03 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE host02
OFFLINE OFFLINE host03
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.cvu
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.host02.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.host03.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.test.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE 同样，使用 srvctl config database 命令也查看不到数据库信息
[grid@host03 ~]$ srvctl config database -d racdb
PRCD-1120 : The resource for database racdb could not be found.
PRCR-1001 : Resource ora.racdb.db does not exist
[grid@host03 ~]$
使用命令添加数据库到集群中
srvctl add database -d racdb -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -c RAC -s open
[grid@host03 ~]$ srvctl add database -d racdb -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -c RAC -s open
PRCS-1007 : Server pool racdb already exists
PRCR-1086 : server pool ora.racdb is already registered这是因为资源中已经有ora.racdb这个server pool，需要删除掉
[grid@host03 ~]$ crsctl delete serverpool ora.racdb
CRS-2557: Server pool 'ora.racdb' cannot be unregistered as it is referenced by server pool 'ora.racdb_service_taf'
CRS-4000: Command Delete failed, or completed with errors.
[grid@host03 ~]$ 上面的错误提示，提示有个相关的server pool，那么将这个server pool 'ora.racdb_service_taf' 先删除掉，再删除ora.racdb。可以看到可以删除了
[grid@host03 ~]$ crsctl delete serverpool ora.racdb_service_taf
[grid@host03 ~]$ crsctl delete serverpool ora.racdb
[grid@host03 ~]$ 添加数据库和instance
[oracle@host03 ~]$ srvctl add database -d racdb -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -c RAC -s open
[oracle@host03 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i racdb2 -n host02
[oracle@host03 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i racdb3 -n host03-- 修改数据库随着集群自动启动
crsctl modify resource ora.racdb.db -attr "AUTO_START=always" --- reboot 启动测试
[grid@host02 ~]$ crsctl status resource -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE host02 Started
ONLINE ONLINE host03 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE host02
OFFLINE OFFLINE host03
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE host02
ONLINE ONLINE host03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.cvu
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.host02.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.host03.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host03
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.racdb.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE host03 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE host02 Open
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE host02
ora.test.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
[grid@host02 ~]$
-- 检查TAF设置 。
[oracle@host03 ~]$ srvctl add service -d racdb -s test_taf -r "racdb3,racdb2" -e SELECT -m BASIC -w 5 -z 3
[oracle@host03 ~]$ srvctl start service -d racdb -s test_taf
SQL> conn system/oracle@test_taf
已连接。
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
racdb3
SQL> /
INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
racdb2
SQL> /
INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
racdb3
SQL> /
INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
racdb2
SQL>
---
总结
1 rac全库的恢复，和单机恢复的思路一样
2 rac全库恢复完毕后，要考虑把数据库和instance添加到集群中去，这点和单机不一样。使用dbca是无法添加instance到集群的。必须通过命令添加。
3 在集群启动的情况下，可以通过RMAN将相关的文件（比如控制文件、数据文件、SPFILE）恢复到ASM磁盘组上。
End 。
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