12c容器数据库相关操作：登录12c(容器数据库)、如何在oracle 12c中创建普通用户、 ORACLE 12C之CDB与PDB 、修改pdb名称_12c创建用户-程序员宅基地
一.登录12c(容器数据库)
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 XINBAOGG READ WRITE NO
4 IACDB READ WRITE NO
5 ESALESGG READ WRITE NO
6 PLATFORMREAD READ WRITE NO
SQL> alter session set container=PLATFORMREAD;
Session altered.
SQL> drop user YANGZHUANGZHGUANG cascade;
User dropped.
二．oracle 12c基础操作
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Nov 29 21:43:50 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
1.通过con_name
能看到当前登录的环境是CDB根库,CDB包含一个名为PDBORCL的可插拔库。
SQL> show con_name pdbs;
CON_NAME
CDB$ROOT
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ----------------- ------------- -------------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDBORCL MOUNTED
2.创建公用用户admin
需要使用C##或者c##作为该用户名的开头。
SQL> create user C##admin identified by Lxf$txx282534;
User created.
--如果使用普通方法创建会报错
SQL> create user admin identified by Lxf$txx282534;
create user admin identified by Lxf$txx282534
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name
3.创建公用角色
同公用用户一样也需要使用C##或者c##作为角色名的开头。
SQL> create role C##admin01 container=all;
Role created.
4.将dba角色授予公用角色,适用范围为所有PDB
SQL> grant dba to c##admin01 container=all;
Grant succeeded.
5.将公用角色授予公用用户,使用范围为所有PDB
SQL> grant C##admin01 to C##admin container=all;
Grant succeeded.
6.使用公用用户分别登录CDB、PDB看看是否通用。
[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus C##admin/'Lxf$txx282534'@pdborcl
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Nov 29 22:33:29 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sun Nov 29 2015 22:31:12 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL
[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus C##admin/'Lxf$txx282534'
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Nov 29 22:33:53 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sun Nov 29 2015 22:33:29 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
7.在PDB中创建用户和创建普通用户没区别
SQL> create user test identified by test;
User created.
SQL> grant create session to test;
Grant succeeded.
[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus test/test@pdborcl
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Nov 29 22:17:16 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show user
USER is "TEST"
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL
SQL> exit
8.打开PDB
SQL> alter pluggable database pdborcl open;
Pluggable database altered.
9.切换到PDB容器
SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;
Session altered.
10.实操,登库pdb异常
--2021/11/30更新
今天发现重新开机后想直接登陆PDB容器的用户是做不到的,会出现以下报错
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus C##admin/'Lxf$txx282534'@pbdorcl
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Nov 30 20:59:02 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
但是能正常登陆CDB容器的数据库
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus C##admin/'Lxf$txx282534'
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Nov 30 21:39:15 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Mon Nov 30 2015 21:31:02 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
查看发现PDBORCL容器没有打开
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Nov 30 21:13:03 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDBORCL MOUNTED
打开PDB容器
SQL> alter pluggable database pdborcl open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
重新登陆,发现能正常登陆了。
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus C##admin/'Lxf$txx282534'@pdborcl
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Nov 30 21:15:11 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sun Nov 29 2015 22:47:17 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL
三．ORACLE 12C之CDB与PDB （基础操作）
SQL> alter session set container = stagedb;
alter session set container = stagedb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65090: operation only allowed in a container database
1.对于这个报错,以下说明之12C特性：
-------------
2013年6月26日,Oracle Database 12c版本正式发布,首先发布的版本号是12.1.0.1.0
Oracle Pluggable Database：Oracle PDB体系结构由一个容器数据库（CDB）和多个可组装式数据库（PDB）构成,PDB包含独立的系统表空间和SYSAUX表空间等,但是所有PDB共享CDB的控制文件、日志文件和UNDO表空间。CDB可以包含零到多个PDBs。
12c
19c
1、PDB全称为Pluggable Database,即可插拔数据库
2、CDB全称为Container Database,中文翻译为数据库容器,一个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）
2.Pluggable Databases特性可以带来的好处：
•加速重新部署现有的数据库到新的平台的速度
•加速现有数据库打补丁和升级的速度
•从原有的DBA的职责中分离部分责任到应用管理员
•集中式管理多个数据库
•提升RAC的扩展性和故障隔离
•与Oracle SQL Developer 和Oracle Enterprise Manager高度融合
SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.2.0 Production 0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
3.查看是否是CDB结构的数据库
如果CDB列为NO,则说明不是CDB结构,创建PDB时,会报出ORA-65090: operation only allowed in a container database
SQL> select name ,cdb,open_mode from v$database;
NAME CDB OPEN_MODE
--------- --- --------------------
TRSEN YES READ WRITE
SQL> select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status from dba_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME DBID STATUS
---------- ---------------- --------- ----------
3 TRSEN_PDB1 632776444 NORMAL
2 PDB$SEED 2575298548 NORMAL
4.创建pdb数据库：
create pluggable database trsen_pdb2 admin user trsen identified by trsen default tablespace tbs_trsen datafile '/u02/app/trsen/oradata/trsen/trsen.dbf' size 1024m autoextend on maxsize unlimited file_name_convert=('/u02/app/trsen/oradata/trsen/pdbseed','/u02/app/trsen/oradata/trsen/trsen_pdb2') path_prefix='/u02/app/trsen/oradata/trsen/trsen_pdb2';
Pluggable database created.
SQL> select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status from dba_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME DBID STATUS
---------- ------------------ --------------- -----------
3 TRSEN_PDB1 632776444 NORMAL
2 PDB$SEED 2575298548 NORMAL
4 TRSEN_PDB2 2479479521 NEW
静默方式创建pdb 数据库
dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc -gdbname newtest -sid newtest -characterSet UTF8 -createAsContainerDatabase true -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle
5.目录结构（刚建完的trsen库）
a.查看建库后对应的物理文件
[trsen@vm010148 trsen]$ ls -l
总计 3036444
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 17973248 08-04 14:54 control01.ctl
drwxr-x---- 2 trsen oinstall 4096 08-04 14:19 pdbseed
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 52429312 08-04 14:54 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 52429312 08-04 14:33 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 52429312 08-04 14:34 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 671096832 08-04 14:53 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 828383232 08-04 14:50 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 206577664 08-04 14:52 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 1073750016 08-04 14:52 trsen.dbf
drwxr-x-----2 trsen oinstall 4096 08-04 14:29 trsen_pdb1==>在创建pdb库时,会在指定的文件目录下生成一个文件
drwxr-x--- 2 trsen oinstall 4096 08-04 14:52 trsen_pdb2
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 351281152 08-04 14:52 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 5251072 08-04 14:39 users01.dbf
b.查看文件名
[trsen@vm010148 trsen]$ cd pdbseed/
[trsen@vm010148 pdbseed]$ ls -l
总计 820088
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 104865792 08-04 14:24 pdbseed_temp012021-08-04_02-19-18-PM.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 576724992 08-04 14:34 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 262152192 08-04 14:34 system01.dbf
c.查看文件名
[trsen@vm010148 pdbseed]$ cd ../trsen_pdb1/
[trsen@vm010148 trsen_pdb1]$ ls -l
总计 2151332
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 1304174592 08-04 14:39 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 5251072 08-04 14:39 SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 618668032 08-04 14:42 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 272637952 08-04 14:44 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 206577664 08-04 14:29 trsen_pdb1_temp012021-08-04_02-29-05-PM.dbf
d.查看文件名
[trsen@vm010148 trsen]$ cd trsen_pdb2/
[trsen@vm010148 trsen_pdb2]$ ls -l
总计 820088
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 20979712 08-04 14:52 pdbseed_temp012021-08-04_02-19-18-PM.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 576724992 08-04 14:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 trsen oinstall 262152192 08-04 14:52 system01.dbf
6.查看当前数据库
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
--------
CDB$ROOT
select sys_context('userenv', 'con_name') "Container DB" from dual;
7.切换到pdb的trsen_pdb1下
SQL> alter session set container=trsen_pdb1;
Session altered.
8.容器之间的切换
alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
alter session set container=pdb5;
9.立即关闭PDB数据库
A.
SQL> alter pluggable database trsen_pdb1 close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.
B.
切换到trsen_pdb2数据库
SQL> alter session set container=trsen_pdb2;
Session altered.
---------------
在自己的pdb下也可以关闭pdb
SQL> alter pluggable database trsen_pdb2 close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.
10.查询pdb
SQL> col pdb_name for a25;
查看CDB中有多少个pluggable database
alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
SQL> select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status from dba_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME DBID STATUS
---------- --------------------- -------------- ---------
3 TRSEN_PDB1 632776444 NORMAL
2 PDB$SEED 2575298548 NORMAL
4 TRSEN_PDB2 2479479521 NORMAL
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- --------- -----------------
2 2575298548 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 632776444 TRSEN_PDB1 MOUNTED
4 2479479521 TRSEN_PDB2 READ WRITE
11.在trsen_pdb2下通过视图v$pdbs只能查到自己所对的pdb
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- --------- -----------------
4 2479479521 TRSEN_PDB2 MOUNTED
12.将之前的close的pdb给open起来
如下操作,也可以在cdb$root下操作
SQL> alter session set container=trsen_pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database trsen_pdb1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------- ----------- ----------------
3 632776444 TRSEN_PDB1 READ WRITE
13.查看各个pdb的启动的状态及时间
SQL>
SELECT NAME, CON_ID, DBID,open_mode,to_char(open_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') open_time
FROM V$CONTAINERS
ORDER BY CON_ID;
NAME CON_ID DBID OPEN_MODE OPEN_TIME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------------
CDB$ROOT 1 3688071478 READ WRITE 2021-08-04 14:27:38
PDB$SEED 2 2575298548 READ ONLY 2021-08-04 14:34:45
TRSEN_PDB1 3 632776444 READ WRITE 2021-08-04 16:51:39
TRSEN_PDB2 4 2479479521 MOUNTED 2021-08-04 16:40:39
14.开启PDB数据库
SQL> alter pluggable database trsen_pdb2 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> SELECT NAME, CON_ID, DBID,open_mode,to_char(open_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') open_time FROM V$CONTAINERS ORDER BY CON_ID;
NAME CON_ID DBID OPEN_MODE OPEN_TIME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ -------------------
CDB$ROOT 1 3688071478 READ WRITE 2021-08-04 14:27:38
PDB$SEED 2 2575298548 READ ONLY 2021-08-04 14:34:45
TRSEN_PDB1 3 632776444 READ WRITE 2021-08-04 16:51:39
TRSEN_PDB2 4 2479479521 READ WRITE 2021-08-04 17:17:41
15.配置tns来访问pdb库的用户数据
SQL> alter session set container=trsen_pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
TRSEN_PDB1
SQL> conn scott/scott@trsen_pdb1==>tnsname名字与pdb名字相同
Connected.
SQL> select tname from tab;
TNAME
--------------------------------
BONUS
DEPT
EMP
SALGRADE
在不同的pdb下只能查到对应的自己库里的用户数据,正常情况下不能查到其他pdb的数据库,简单一点,可以利用dba_users/pdb_users这个视图,可验证这个问题
16.删除pdb
--与删除表空间类似,可以级联删除数据文件
drop pluggable database pdb2;
drop pluggable database pdb2 including datafiles;
---只是删除库,不删除文件
drop pluggable database pdb2 keep datafiles;
17.unplug（拔下） 数据库pdb （相当于做标签,unplug不可查）
--unplug后pdb只能mount不能open
alter pluggable database pdb2 unplug into '/tmp/pdb2.xml';
--unplug后删除pdb,再使用xml文件加回pdb
drop pluggable database pdb2;
create pluggable database pdb2 using '/tmp/pdb2.xml' nocopy;
18.插入数据库pdb
create pluggable database pdb5 using '/tmp/pdb2.xml' COPY FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('orcl/PDB2/ORCL/270349FEACBF115BE0530210A8C0B69A/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c72mqpft_.dbf','TEST/PDB5/sysaux.dbf','orcl/PDB2/ORCL/270349FEACBF115BE0530210A8C0B69A/datafile/o1_mf_system_c72mqpfl_.dbf','TEST/PDB2/system.dbf','orcl/PDB5/ORCL/270349FEACBF115BE0530210A8C0B69A/datafile/o1_mf_temp_c72mqpfw_.dbf','TEST/PDB5/temp.dbf')
19.保持启动CDB后PDB的状态
alter pluggable database all save state;
shut immediate;
startup
四．修改pdb名称（工作日志）
1.部署cdb和pdb
10.8.249.44
10.8.249.45
cdb:test
pdb:platformgg
sys/Yim45_5hk8
2.停掉主节点外其他节点
shutdown immediate;
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test2
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 22 13:39:22 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name string test
cell_offloadgroup_name string
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string test
db_unique_name string test
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string test2
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
pdb_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
service_names string test
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$
3.主节点切换到pdb
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test1
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 22 13:43:11 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a20
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- --------------- --------------- -------------------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PLATFORMGG READ WRITE NO
SQL> select name,restricted from v$pdbs;
NAME RES
---------- -------
PDB$SEED NO
PLATFORMGG NO
SQL> alter session set container=platformgg;
Session altered.
4.把platformgg启动到受限模式
SQL> alter pluggable database platformgg close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database platformgg open restricted;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select name,restricted from v$pdbs;
NAME RES
-------- -------
PLATFORMGG YES
5.修改platformgg名称
SQL> alter pluggable database platformgg rename global_name to platformread;
Pluggable database altered.
6.重启platformread
SQL> select name,restricted from v$pdbs;
NAME RES
-------------------- ---
PLATFORMREAD YES
SQL> alter pluggable database platformread close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database platformread open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------
3 PLATFORMREAD READ WRITE NO
7.重启其他节点
startup;
show pdbs;
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test2
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 22 13:46:43 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2.1542E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 22959912 bytes
Variable Size 1.1543E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 9865003008 bytes
Redo Buffers 111255552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PLATFORMREAD MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database PLATFORMREAD open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
[oracle@phqptzbdbrac2 ~]$
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