BirdFluCases.txt1 饼图

1.1 载入数据

setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook")

BFCases

names(BFCases)

str(BFCases) 第一次报错：

> setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook")

> BFCases

错误于make.names(col.names, unique = TRUE) : 多字节字符串8有错

> names(BFCases)

错误: 找不到对象'BFCases'

> str(BFCases)

错误于str(BFCases) : 找不到对象'BFCases'

>

打开BirdFluCases.txt文件，发现有个’?‘ 删除即可

再次运行载入脚本

> setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook")

> BFCases

> names(BFCases)

[1] "Year" "Azerbaijan" "Bangladesh" "Cambodia" "China"

[6] "Djibouti" "Egypt" "Indonesia" "Iraq" "LaoPDR"

[11] "Myanmar" "Nigeria" "Pakistan" "Thailand" "Turkey"

[16] "VietNam"

> str(BFCases)

'data.frame': 6 obs. of 16 variables:

$ Year : int 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

$ Azerbaijan: int 0 0 0 8 0 0

$ Bangladesh: int 0 0 0 0 0 1

$ Cambodia : int 0 0 4 2 1 0

$ China : int 1 0 8 13 5 3

$ Djibouti : int 0 0 0 1 0 0

$ Egypt : int 0 0 0 18 25 7

$ Indonesia : int 0 0 20 55 42 18

$ Iraq : int 0 0 0 3 0 0

$ LaoPDR : int 0 0 0 0 2 0

$ Myanmar : int 0 0 0 0 1 0

$ Nigeria : int 0 0 0 0 1 0

$ Pakistan : int 0 0 0 0 3 0

$ Thailand : int 0 17 5 3 0 0

$ Turkey : int 0 0 0 12 0 0

$ VietNam : int 3 29 61 0 8 5

> 准备数据源

Cases

names(Cases)

Cases 生成饼图的代码

par(mfrow=c(2,2),mar=c(3,2,2,1))

pie(Cases,main="Ordinary pie chart")

pie(Cases,col=gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length=6)),clockwise=TRUE,main="Gray colours")

pie(Cases,col=rainbow(6),clockwise=TRUE,main="Rainbow colours")

library(plotrix)

pie3D(Cases,labels=names(Cases),explode=0.1,main="3D pie chart",labelcex=0.6)

效果图:

par函数：mfrowc(2,2)表示生成四个面板 mar用来调整四侧边缘线的数目

clockwise=TRUE 表示按照瞬时间排时间

2 条形图

载入数据

BFDeaths

Deaths

names(Deaths)

Deaths 生成条形图的代码:

par(mfrow = c(2,2),mar = c(3,3,2,1))

barplot(Cases,main="Bird Flu cases")

Counts

barplot(Counts)

barplot(t(Counts),col = gray(c(0.5,1)))

barplot(t(Counts),beside = TRUE) 效果图

3 显示均值和标准差的条形图

载入数据

Benthic

Bent.M

Bent.sd

MSD

MSD

图形显示代码

barplot(Bent.M)

barplot(Bent.M,xlab="Beach",ylim=c(0,20),ylab="Richness",col=rainbow(9))

bp

arrows(bp,Bent.M,bp,Bent.M+Bent.sd,lwd=1.5,angle=90,length=0.1)

box()  带形图

Benth.le

Benth.se

stripchart(Benthic$Richness ~ Benthic$Beach,vert = TRUE,pch=1,method="jitter",

jit=0.05,xlab="Beach",ylab="Richness")

points(1:9,Bent.M,pch=16,cex=1.5)

arrows(1:9,Bent.M,1:9,Bent.M+Benth.se,lwd = 1.5,angle = 90,length = 0.1)

arrows(1:9,Bent.M,1:9,Bent.M-Benth.se,lwd = 1.5,angle = 90,length = 0.1)

盒形图

载入数据

Owls

boxplot(Owls$NegPerChick,main="Negotiation per chick")

描绘图形

par(mfrow = c(2,2),mar = c(3,3,2,1))

boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent,data = Owls)

boxplot(NegPerChick ~ FoodTreatment,data = Owls)

boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent * FoodTreatment,data = Owls)

boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent * FoodTreatment,names = c("F/Dep","M/Dep","F/Sat","M/Sat"),data = Owls)

另外一个盒形图

代码

par(mar = c(2,2,3,3))

boxplot(NegPerChick ~ Nest,data = Owls,axes = FALSE,ylim =c (-3,8.5))

axis(2,at = c(0,2,4,6,8))

text(x=1:27,y = -2,labels=levels(Owls$Nest),cex=0.75,srt = 65) 克里夫兰点图

Deer

dotchart(Deer$LCT,xlab="Length (cm)",ylab=" Observation number")

Isna

dotchart(Deer$LCT[!Isna],groups=factor(Deer$Sex[!Isna]),xlab="Length(cm)",

ylab="Observation number grouped by sex)

另外一个添加均值的例子

Benthic

Benthic$fBeach

par(mfrow = c(1,2))

dotchart(Benthic$Richness,groups = Benthic$fBeach,xlab = "Richness",ylab="Beach")

Bent.M

dotchart(Benthic$Richness,groups = Benthic$fBeach,gdata=Bent.M,

gpch=19,xlab="Richness", ylab="Beach")

legend("bottomright",c("values","mean"),pch=c(1,19),bg="white") 效果图

plot实战1

plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP,xlab="Mean high tide (m)",

ylab="Species richness",main="Benthic data")

M0

abline(M0) plot 实战2

plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP,

xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness",

main="Benthic data",xlim=c(-3,3),ylim=c(0,20)) plot实战3

plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP, type="n",axes=FALSE ,

xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness")

points(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP) plot实战4

plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP, type="n",axes=FALSE ,

xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness",

xlim = c(-1.75,2),ylim = c(0,20))

points(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP)

axis(2,at = c(0,10,20),tcl = 1)

axis(1,at = c(-1.75,0,2),labels=c("Sea","Water line","Dunes")) plot实战5

Birds

Birds$LOGAREA

plot(x=Birds$LOGAREA,y=Birds$ABUND,xlab="Log transformed area",

ylab="Bird adbundance")

M0

summary(M0)

LAR

ABUND1

ABUND2

ABUND3

ABUND4

ABUND5

lines(LAR,ABUND1,lty = 1,lwd=1,col=1)

lines(LAR,ABUND2,lty = 2,lwd=2,col=2)

lines(LAR,ABUND3,lty = 3,lwd=3,col=3)

lines(LAR,ABUND4,lty = 4,lwd=4,col=4)

lines(LAR,ABUND5,lty = 5,lwd=5,col=5)

legend.txt

legend("topleft",legend=legend.txt,

col=c(1,2,3,4,5),

lty=c(1,2,3,4,5),

lwd=c(1,2,3,4,5),

bty="o",cex=0.8) plot实战6

Whales

header=TRUE)

N.Moby

Age.Moby

plot(x=Age.Moby,y=N.Moby,xlab="Age",ylab=expression(paste(delta^{15},"N")))