在Matplotlib中，经常使用子图功能，在同一个界面中并排显示多幅图。然而，使用默认设置的话，这些子图往往会相互重叠。

Often you may use subplots to display multiple plots alongside each
other in Matplotlib. Unfortunately, these subplots tend to overlap
each other by default.

解决这个问题的最简单方法是使用Matplotlib的tight_layout()函数。本教程解释如何在实践中使用这个函数。

The easiest way to resolve this issue is by using the Matplotlib
tight_layout() function. This tutorial explains how to use this
function in practice.

创建子图

Create Subplots

假设我们需要2列2行，共4个子图:

Consider the following arrangement of 4 subplots in 2 columns and 2
rows:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#define subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2)

#display subplots 
plt.show()

可以看出这些子图有一点重叠。

Notice how the subplots overlap each other a bit.

使用tight_layout()调整子图间距

Adjust Spacing of Subplots Using tight_layout()

要想解决子图重叠问题，最简单的办法就是使用tight_layout()函数：

The easiest way to resolve this overlapping issue is by using the
Matplotlib tight_layout() function:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#define subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2)
fig.tight_layout()

#display subplots 
plt.show()

调整子图标题间距

Adjust Spacing of Subplot Titles

当我们给每个子图都添加标题之后，即使是使用了tight_layout()也没法阻止重叠问题的出现：

In some cases you may also have titles for each of your subplots.
Unfortunately even the tight_layout() function tends to cause the
subplot titles to overlap:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#define subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2)
fig.tight_layout()

#define subplot titles
ax[0, 0].set_title('First Subplot')
ax[0, 1].set_title('Second Subplot')
ax[1, 0].set_title('Third Subplot')
ax[1, 1].set_title('Fourth Subplot')

#display subplots 
plt.show()

解决这个问题的方法是使用h_pad参数来增加子图间距:

The way to resolve this issue is by increasing the height padding
between subplots using the h_pad argument:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#define subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2)
fig.tight_layout(h_pad=2)

#define subplot titles
ax[0, 0].set_title('First Subplot')
ax[0, 1].set_title('Second Subplot')
ax[1, 0].set_title('Third Subplot')
ax[1, 1].set_title('Fourth Subplot')

#display subplots 
plt.show()

调整总标题的间距

Adjust Spacing of Overall Title

如果想要避免总标题和子图标题重叠，subplots_adjust()函数是个不错的选择：

If you have an overall title, you can use the subplots_adjust()
function to ensure that it doesn’t overlap with the subplot titles:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#define subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2)
fig.tight_layout(h_pad=2)

#define subplot titles
ax[0, 0].set_title('First Subplot')
ax[0, 1].set_title('Second Subplot')
ax[1, 0].set_title('Third Subplot')
ax[1, 1].set_title('Fourth Subplot')

#add overall title and adjust it so that it doesn't overlap with subplot titles
fig.suptitle('Overall Title')
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.85)

#display subplots 
plt.show()

点击这里探索更多Matplotlib教程

You can find more Matplotlib tutorials here.

参考链接

How to Adjust Spacing Between Matplotlib Subplots.