NPM 相关命令，报错 node-gyp… 的解决方法

'node-gyp-build' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed Error: not found: python2

…

相关的异常信息

> node-gyp-build


                    errorOut='node-gyp-build' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
    operable program or batch file.
    npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
    npm ERR! errno 1
    npm ERR! [email protected] install: `node-gyp-build`
    npm ERR! Exit status 1
    npm ERR!
    npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] install script.
    npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

    npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
    npm ERR!     D:\app\nodejs\npm-cache\_logs\2022-06-10T00_53_04_766Z-debug.log

                    command='D:\app\nodejs\node.exe' 'D:\app\nvm\v14.7.0\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js' rebuild [email protected]
                    workingDir=
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! [email protected] pack:dir: `node build-config/pack.js && electron-builder --dir`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] pack:dir script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     D:\app\nodejs\npm-cache\_logs\2022-06-10T00_53_04_842Z-debug.log

通用的解决方案

1. 在线安装，适合拥有纯净 Windows 开发环境的用户（没有安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）

# 全局设置淘宝镜像（配置过的老鸟可忽略此步骤）
$ npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
# 单次使用淘宝镜像（会使用的老鸟可忽略此步骤）
$ npm install -g node-gyp --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
$ npm install -g --production windows-build-tools --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

2. 手动安装，针对拥有非纯净 Windows 开发环境的老鸟（安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）

重点注意： 等到 Starting installation... 命令字样出现后，立马 Ctrl + C 终止后面的安装过程
!!! 因为我们必须自定义安装这两个新环境，才能不影响我们系统中已安装的 python 和 vs 等环境。

• 巧妙获取 python2 和 msvs_version 相关版本的安装包

$ npm install --global --production windows-build-tools
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: Node.js now includes build tools for Windows. You probably no longer need this tool. See https://github.com/felixrieseberg/windows-build-tools for details.
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: request has been deprecated, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: this library is no longer supported
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: Please upgrade  to version 7 or higher.  Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic.  See https://v8.dev/blog/math-random for details.

> [email protected] postinstall D:\app\nodejs\node_global\node_modules\windows-build-tools
> node ./dist/index.js



Downloading python-2.7.15.amd64.msi
[============================================>] 100.0% of 20.2 MB (9 MB/s)
Downloaded python-2.7.15.amd64.msi. Saved to C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\python-2.7.15.amd64.msi.
Downloading vs_BuildTools.exe
[============================================>] 100.0% of 1.12 MB (1.12 MB/s)
Downloaded vs_BuildTools.exe. Saved to C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\vs_BuildTools.exe.

Starting installation...
Launched installers, now waiting for them to finish.
This will likely take some time - please be patient!

Status from the installers:
---------- Visual Studio Build Tools ----------
Still waiting for installer log file...
------------------- Python --------------------
Still waiting for installer log file...^C

• 手动安装 python2 和 msvs_version 到自定义目录

# 静默安装 python2 到指定的目录
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19044.1706]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools>msiexec /a C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\python-2.7.15.amd64.msi /quiet TargetDir="C:/app/pvm/v2.7.15"
# 静默安装 vs_BuildTools 到默认的目录
C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools>vs_BuildTools.exe /quiet PrependPath=0 Include_launcher=0 Include_test=0 Include_tcltk=0 Shortcuts=0

• 全局设置 python2 和 msvs_version 环境变量

# 全局设置 python2 环境变量
$ npm config set python "C:\app\pvm\v2.7.15\python.exe"
# 全局设置 buildTools 环境变量
$ npm config set msvs_version "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools"

查看 NPM 全局配置

$ npm config list -g
; cli configs
global = true
metrics-registry = "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/"
scope = ""
user-agent = "npm/6.14.13 node/v14.17.0 win32 x64"

; userconfig C:\Users\cpw\.npmrc
CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver"
ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/"
ELECTRON_MIRROR = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/"
NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node"
OPERADRIVER = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/operadriver"
PYTHON_MIRROR = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python"
cache = "D:\\app\\nodejs\\npm-cache"
chromedriver_cdnurl = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver"
electron-builder-binaries_mirror = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/"
electron_mirror = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/"
msvs_version = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools"
node_sqlite3_binary_host_mirror = "http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors"
phantomjs_cdnurl = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/phantomjs"
prefix = "D:\\app\\nodejs\\node_global"
python = "‪D:\\app\\pvm\\v2.7.15\\python.exe"
registry = "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/"
sass_binary_site = "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node-sass/"
strict-ssl = false

; node bin location = D:\app\nodejs\node.exe
; cwd = D:\code\NodejsProjects\lx-music-desktop
; HOME = C:\Users\cpw
; "npm config ls -l" to show all defaults.