我们经常在进行前后端设计的时候需要对前端下载请求进行相应，对响应报文进行封装成word供下载，下面基于springboot对这一过程进行介绍

一、准备word模板，用于设置导出时的样式

二、pom.xml文件中引入依赖

   <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
        <artifactId>easypoi-base</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
        <artifactId>easypoi-web</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
        <artifactId>easypoi-annotation</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.3</version>
    </dependency>

三、构造ExportWord类

package com.zju.gcs.common.util;

import cn.afterturn.easypoi.word.WordExportUtil;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Map;
public class ExportWord {
    /**
     * 导出word
     * <p>第一步生成替换后的word文件，只支持docx</p>
     * <p>第二步下载生成的文件</p>
     * <p>第三步删除生成的临时文件</p>
     * 模版变量中变量格式：{
   {foo}}
     * @param templatePath word模板地址
     * @param temDir 生成临时文件存放地址
     * @param fileName 文件名
     * @param params 替换的参数
     * @param request HttpServletRequest
     * @param response HttpServletResponse
     */
    public static void exportWord(String templatePath, String temDir, String fileName, Map<String, Object> params, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        Assert.notNull(templatePath,"模板路径不能为空");
        Assert.notNull(temDir,"临时文件路径不能为空");
        Assert.notNull(fileName,"导出文件名不能为空");
        Assert.isTrue(fileName.endsWith(".docx"),"word导出请使用docx格式");
        if (!temDir.endsWith("/")){
            temDir = temDir + File.separator;
        }
        File dir = new File(temDir);
        if (!dir.exists()) {
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try {
            String userAgent = request.getHeader("user-agent").toLowerCase();
            if (userAgent.contains("msie") || userAgent.contains("like gecko")) {
                fileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8");
            } else {
                fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("utf-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
            }
            XWPFDocument doc = WordExportUtil.exportWord07(templatePath, params);
            String tmpPath = temDir + fileName;
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tmpPath);
            doc.write(fos);
            // 设置强制下载不打开
            response.setContentType("application/force-download");
            // 设置文件名
            response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + fileName);
            OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
            doc.write(out);
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            delFileWord(temDir,fileName);//这一步看具体需求，要不要删
        }
    }
    /**
     * 删除零时生成的文件
     */
    public static void delFileWord(String filePath, String fileName){
        File file =new File(filePath+fileName);
        File file1 =new File(filePath);
        file.delete();
        file1.delete();
    }
}

这时候如果显示httpserveltrequest报错，则还需要在当前模块的配置文件下引入依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

三、controller层，接收前端请求

 @RequestMapping("/download")
    public void downloadMedicalRecord( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        try {
            medicalRecordService.downloadMedicalRecord(1,request,response);
        } catch (Exception e) { }
    }

引用service层的download方法进行请求的处理，并捕捉异常

四、service 层

声明接口函数

void downloadMedicalRecord(Integer id, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IllegalAccessException, IOException;
}

五、service实现层

@Override
    public void downloadMedicalRecord(Integer id,HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        MedicalRecordDOWithBLOBs record = medicalRecordDOMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("patientId",record.getPatientId() == null ? "暂无": record.getPatientId());
        params.put("name",record.getName() == null ? "暂无": record.getName());
        System.out.println(1);
        params.put("gender",record.getGender()==1? "男":"女");
        params.put("doctorName",record.getDoctorName() == null ? "暂无": record.getDoctorName());
        params.put("birthday", record.getBirthday() == null ? "暂无": dateFormat.format(record.getBirthday()));
        params.put("height",record.getHeight() == null ? "暂无": record.getHeight());
        params.put("weight",record.getWeight() == null ? "暂无": record.getWeight());
        params.put("disease",record.getDisease() == null ? "暂无": record.getDisease());
        params.put("chfCmp",record.getChfCmp() == null ? "暂无": record.getChfCmp());
        params.put("hisPreIll",record.getHisPreIll() == null ? "暂无": record.getHisPreIll());
        params.put("hisTre",record.getHisTre() == null ? "": record.getHisTre());
        params.put("prvMedHis",record.getPrvMedHis() == null ? "暂无": record.getPrvMedHis());
        params.put("perHis",record.getPerHis() == null ? "暂无": record.getPerHis());
        params.put("famHis",record.getFamHis() == null ? "暂无": record.getFamHis());
        params.put("treAdv",record.getTreAdv() == null ? "暂无": record.getTreAdv());

        ExportWord.exportWord("C:/Users/23644/Desktop/export.docx","test","第"+id+"份电子病历.docx",params,request,response);
    }

上面MedicalRecordDOWithBLOBs为接收数据库数据定义的一个接收类，可根据实际情况自定义
selectByPrimaryKey用于查询数据库相关数据

<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" resultMap="ResultMapWithBLOBs" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" >
    select m.id, m.patient_id, m.name, d.name as doctor_name, m.gender, m.birthday, m.weight, m.height,
    m.disease, m.chf_cmp, m.his_pre_ill, m.his_tre, m.prv_med_his, m.per_his, m.fam_his, m.tre_adv
    from medical_record m
    left join doctor d
    on m.doctor_id = d.id
    where m.id = #{id}
  </select>

六、实现效果