实验环境

主机	操作系统	IP地址
master	Centos7	192.168.118.16
node01	Centos7	192.168.118.17
node01	Centos7	192.168.118.18

master（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）

1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库，存放镜像资源

一、 环境准备

//所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
iptables -F
swapoff -a						#交换分区必须要关闭
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

//所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.118.16 master
192.168.118.17 node01
192.168.118.18 node02

//调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

//生效参数
sysctl --system 

二、所有节点安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
    
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://apu154lq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    
    "max-size": "100m"
  }
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

三、所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

//定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.15.1 kubeadm-1.15.1 kubectl-1.15.1

//开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启

四、部署K8S集群

//查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list

//在 master 节点上传 kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz 压缩包至 /opt 目录
cd /opt
tar zxvf kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz

for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done

//复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本 bash /opt/load-images.sh
scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node01:/opt
scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node02:/opt

//2个node上也需要执行脚本
for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done

//初始化kubeadm
在master节点上

方法一：
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.118.16		#指定master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1				#指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36   dnsDomain: cluster.local
37   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
39 scheduler: {
    }
---                  三个横杠                           #末尾再添加以下内容
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
  SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs									#把默认的service调度方式改为ipvs模式


kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件，k8sV1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志

//查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log

//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/

//存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki	

方法二：
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.15.1 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令，可以指定具体参数初始化，也可以指定配置文件初始化。
可选参数：
--apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver的监听地址
--apiserver-bind-port：apiserver的监听端口，默认是6443
--cert-dir：通讯的ssl证书文件，默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
--control-plane-endpoint：控制台平面的共享终端，可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名，高可用集群时需要添加
--image-repository：拉取镜像的镜像仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io
--kubernetes-version：指定kubernetes版本
--pod-network-cidr：pod资源的网段，需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。通常，Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16，Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16；
--service-cidr：service资源的网段
--service-dns-domain：service全域名的后缀，默认是cluster.local
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap，开启 ipvs
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
修改mode: ipvs



提示：
......
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.80.10:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2

//设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

//在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.118.16:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4d5edf21a403b3fe5cf14d12c16a9aed33ae2158d4c9ddf5bd5ece03e9f2ad17

//所有节点部署网络插件flannel

方法一：
//所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load < flannel.tar

//在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 


方法二：
kubectnetl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml


//在master节点查看节点状态（需要等几分钟）
kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master   Ready    master   71m   v1.15.1
node01   Ready    <none>   99s   v1.15.1
node02   Ready    <none>   96s   v1.15.1

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l          1/1     Running   0          71m
coredns-bccdc95cf-nql5j          1/1     Running   0          71m
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kfhwf      1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qkdfh      1/1     Running   0          46m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vffxv      1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-558p8                 1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-proxy-nwd7g                 1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-qpz8t                 1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          70m

//测试 pod 资源创建
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl get pods -o wide

//暴露端口提供服务
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

kubectl get svc

//测试访问
curl http://node01:30048

//扩展3个副本
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s   1/1     Running   0          66s   10.244.1.3   node01   <none>           <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q   1/1     Running   0          66s   10.244.2.2   node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs   1/1     Running   0          17m   10.244.1.2   node01   <none>           <none>

五、安装dashboard

//所有节点安装dashboard
方法一：
//所有节点上传dashboard镜像 dashboard.tar 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
cd /opt/
docker load < dashboard.tar

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml


方法二：
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml


//查看所有容器运行状态
kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/coredns-bccdc95cf-ftbpq                 1/1     Running   0          26h   10.244.0.2      master   <none>           <none>
pod/coredns-bccdc95cf-wgs28                 1/1     Running   0          26h   10.244.0.3      master   <none>           <none>
pod/etcd-master                             1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-apiserver-master                   1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-controller-manager-master          1/1     Running   3          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gkkc5             1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-p9fwb             1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.11   node01   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-xr2db             1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.12   node02   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-proxy-cfx7j                        1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.12   node02   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-proxy-g9qjm                        1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.11   node01   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-proxy-mh8sf                        1/1     Running   0          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kube-scheduler-master                   1/1     Running   2          26h   192.168.80.10   master   <none>           <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-68cbfbd778-ks7dz   1/1     Running   0          12s   10.244.2.3      node02   <none>           <none>

NAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE   SELECTOR
service/kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   47h   k8s-app=kube-dns
service/kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.96.148.45   <none>        443:30001/TCP            20h   k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

//使用火狐或者360浏览器访问
https://node02:30001/
https://192.168.118.18:30001/


//创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system

kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

//获取令牌密钥
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-xf4dk
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 736a7c1e-0fa1-430a-9244-71cda7899293

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.uNyAUOqejg7UOVCYkP0evQzG9_h-vAReaDtmYuCPdnvAf150eBsfpRPL1QmsDRsWF0xbI2Yb9m1VajMgKGneHCYFBqD-bsw0ffvbYRwM-roRnLtX-qN1kGMUyMU3iB8y_L6x-ZhiLXwjxUYZzO4WurY-e0h3yI0O2n9qQQmencEoz4snUKK4p_nBIcQrexMzO-aqhuQU_6JJQlN0q5jKHqnB11TfNQX1CNmTqN_dpZy0Wm1JzujVEd-6GQg7xawJkoSZjPYKgmN89z3o2o4cRydshUyLlb6Rmw_FSRvRWiobzL6xhWeGND4i7LgDCAr9YPRJ8LMjJYh_dPbN2Dnpxg
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes


//复制token令牌直接登录网站