第四代编程语言

几代编程语言 (Generations of programming language)

Programming languages have been developed over the year in a phased manner. Each phase of developed has made the programming language more user-friendly, easier to use and more powerful. Each phase of improved made in the development of the programming languages can be referred to as a generation. The programming language in terms of their performance reliability and robustness can be grouped into five different generations,

一年来已经分阶段开发了编程语言 。 开发的每个阶段都使编程语言更加用户友好，更易于使用和更强大。 编程语言开发中进行的每个改进阶段都可以称为一代。 就其性能可靠性和鲁棒性而言，编程语言可以分为五代 ，

1. First generation languages (1GL)

   第一代语言(1GL)

2. Second generation languages (2GL)

   第二代语言(2GL)

3. Third generation languages (3GL)

   第三代语言(3GL)

4. Fourth generation languages (4GL)

   第四代语言(4GL)

5. Fifth generation languages (5GL)

   第五代语言(5GL)

1.第一代语言(机器语言) (1. First Generation Language (Machine language))

The first generation programming language is also called low-level programming language because they were used to program the computer system at a very low level of abstraction. i.e. at the machine level. The machine language also referred to as the native language of the computer system is the first generation programming language. In the machine language, a programmer only deals with a binary number.

第一代编程语言也被称为低级编程语言，因为它们被用来以非常低的抽象级别对计算机系统进行编程。 即在机器级别。 机器语言也称为计算机系统的本地语言，是第一代编程语言。 在机器语言中，程序员仅处理二进制数。

Advantages of first generation language

第一代语言的优势

• They are translation free and can be directly executed by the computers.

  它们是免费翻译的，可以由计算机直接执行。

• The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily and efficiently by the CPU of the computer system.

  用这些语言编写的程序可以由计算机系统的CPU快速高效地执行。

• The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an efficient manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of data.

  用这些语言编写的程序可以有效地利用内存，因为可以跟踪数据的每一位。

2.第二代语言(汇编语言) (2. Second Generation language (Assembly Language))

The second generation programming language also belongs to the category of low-level- programming language. The second generation language comprises assembly languages that use the concept of mnemonics for the writing program. In the assembly language, symbolic names are used to represent the opcode and the operand part of the instruction.

第二代编程语言也属于低级编程语言的类别。 第二代语言包括使用助记符概念编写程序的汇编语言。 在汇编语言中，符号名用于表示指令的操作码和操作数部分。

Advantages of second generation language

第二代语言的优势

• It is easy to develop understand and modify the program developed in these languages are compared to those developed in the first generation programming language.

  与以第一代编程语言开发的程序相比，易于开发理解和修改以这些语言开发的程序。

• The programs written in these languages are less prone to errors and therefore can be maintained with a great case.

  用这些语言编写的程序不太容易出错，因此可以很好地维护。

3.第三代语言(高级语言) (3. Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages))

The third generation programming languages were designed to overcome the various limitations of the first and second generation programming languages. The languages of the third and later generation are considered as a high-level language because they enable the programmer to concentrate only on the logic of the programs without considering the internal architecture of the computer system.

第三代编程语言旨在克服第一代和第二代编程语言的各种限制。 第三代及以后的语言被视为高级语言，因为它们使程序员仅专注于程序的逻辑，而无需考虑计算机系统的内部体系结构。

Advantages of third generation programming language

第三代编程语言的优势

• It is easy to develop, learn and understand the program.

  开发，学习和理解程序很容易。

• As the program written in these languages are less prone to errors they are easy to maintain.

  由于使用这些语言编写的程序不易出错，因此易于维护。

• The program written in these languages can be developed in very less time as compared to the first and second generation language.

  与第一代和第二代语言相比，用这些语言编写的程序可以在很短的时间内开发出来。

Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, C++, C

示例： FORTRAN，ALGOL，COBOL，C ++，C

4.第四代语言(非常高级的语言) (4. Fourth generation language (Very High-level Languages))

The languages of this generation were considered as very high-level programming languages required a lot of time and effort that affected the productivity of a programmer. The fourth generation programming languages were designed and developed to reduce the time, cost and effort needed to develop different types of software applications.

新一代语言被认为是非常高级的编程语言，需要大量时间和精力，从而影响了程序员的生产率。 第四代编程语言的设计和开发是为了减少开发不同类型的软件应用程序所需的时间，成本和精力。

Advantages of fourth generation languages

第四代语言的优势

• These programming languages allow the efficient use of data by implementing the various database.

  这些编程语言通过实现各种数据库，可以有效地使用数据。

• They require less time, cost and effort to develop different types of software applications.

  他们需要更少的时间，成本和精力来开发不同类型的软件应用程序。

• The program developed in these languages are highly portable as compared to the programs developed in the languages of other generation.

  与以其他语言开发的程序相比，以这些语言开发的程序具有高度的可移植性。

Examples: SOL, CSS, coldfusion

示例： SOL，CSS，coldfusion

5.第五代语言(人工智能语言) (5. Fifth generation language (Artificial Intelligence Language))

The programming languages of this generation mainly focus on constraint programming. The major fields in which the fifth generation programming language are employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks

这一代的编程语言主要关注约束编程。 采用第五代编程语言的主要领域是人工智能和人工神经网络

Advantages of fifth generation languages

第五代语言的优势

• These languages can be used to query the database in a fast and efficient manner.

  这些语言可用于快速有效地查询数据库。

• In this generation of language, the user can communicate with the computer system in a simple and an easy manner.

  在这种语言的产生中，用户可以以简单和容易的方式与计算机系统通信。

Examples: mercury, prolog, OPS5

示例：汞，序言，OPS5

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/generations-of-programming-language.aspx

第四代编程语言